Likewise, the cryptic IF statement of Fortran, whose syntax matched a particular instruction of the machine on which it was originally written, became the simpler IF I=5 THEN GOTO 100. For instance, the difficult to remember DO loop was replaced by the much easier to remember FOR I = 1 TO 10 STEP 2, and the line number used in the DO was instead indicated by the NEXT I. However, the syntax was changed wherever it could be improved. The new language was heavily patterned on FORTRAN II statements were one-to-a-line, numbers were used to indicate the target of loops and branches, and many of the commands were similar or identical to Fortran. The acronym BASIC comes from the name of an unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz. This led to increasing interest in a system using time-sharing and a new language specifically for use by non-STEM students. Small programs would return results in a few seconds. While Kurtz was visiting MIT, John McCarthy suggested that time-sharing offered a solution a single machine could divide up its processing time among many users, giving them the illusion of having a (slow) computer to themselves. Moreover, the lack of any sort of immediate feedback was a key problem the machines of the era used batch processing and took a long time to complete a run of a program. Is it '1, 10, 2' or '1, 2, 10', and is the comma after the line number required or not?" As Kurtz noted, Fortran had numerous oddly-formed commands, notably an "almost impossible-to-memorize convention for specifying a loop: 'DO 100, I = 1, 10, 2'. New experiments using Fortran and ALGOL followed, but Kurtz concluded these languages were too tricky for what they desired. These did not progress past a single freshman class. Kemeny and Kurtz had made two previous experiments with simplified languages, DARSIMCO (Dartmouth Simplified Code) and DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment). Kemeny later noted that "Our vision was that every student on campus should have access to a computer, and any faculty member should be able to use a computer in the classroom whenever appropriate. Kurtz had joined the department in 1956, and from the 1960s Kemeny and Kurtz agreed on the need for programming literacy among students outside the traditional STEM fields. Sloan Foundation award for $500,000 to build a new department building. Based largely on his reputation as an innovator in math teaching, in 1959 the school won an Alfred P. Kemeny was the math department chairman at Dartmouth College.
#Most basic programming language series#
Hewlett-Packard produced an entire computer line for this method of operation, introducing the HP2000 series in the late 1960s and continuing sales into the 1980s. This general model became very popular on minicomputer systems like the PDP-11 and Data General Nova in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In addition to the program language, Kemeny and Kurtz developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System (DTSS), which allowed multiple users to edit and run BASIC programs simultaneously on remote terminals. At the time, nearly all computers required writing custom software, which only scientists and mathematicians tended to learn. They wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computers. The original version was created by John G. BASIC ( Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use.
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